Kateena Haynes

“…one of her favorites was ‘Oh, Wayfaring Stranger’ …she’d be crying, and singing, and talking about she couldn’t wait to get to heaven. I just thought, ‘don’t go tonight. I’m spending the night with you!”

Kateena Haynes, Executive Director, Harlan County Boys and Girls Club; Cumberland, Kentucky:

“Growing up in the mountains was a very comfortable experience, just because everyone knew each other. It really was like Mayberry, and you could rely on your neighbors and your friends, and whenever someone died, you took ‘em food. Everyone just looked out for each other, took care of each other, and you didn’t have to worry. I played out on the street until dark. I rode my bicycle for miles and miles, and my parents never worried that anything would happen to me. I knew I was taken care of.

My parents were quite a bit older than other parents of kids my age, and I think I was a happy, little accident. I have three older brothers, and no sisters. My oldest brother is sixteen years older than I am, and my youngest is nine years older, than I am. Dad was forty-one when he had me, and my Mom was thirty-six.

My Dad was a Sears repairman, and my Mom was a beautician. I remember one of my happiest memories was, I went to school, just about a couple of blocks away from our house, and it was Catholic School. I would come home for lunch, and I would see my Dad’s Sears repair truck out in front of the house. I would come in, and I’d have lunch with my Dad, and it was just me and my Mom and Dad. It seemed like we always had tomato soup and grilled cheese sandwiches. After lunch, I’d go out and I’d play on his truck. Mom was a beautician, and she had her shop in the house and I would play in her shop. A lot of times, I’d get in trouble, (laughs) because of that. If she was out of her shop, I’d be in there talking to her customers, and acting like I was fixing their hair, and curling their hair, and messing with the chairs, and doing things that she wasn’t real happy with. 

When I [finished] high school, I thought, ‘I’m going to get out of here, and I’m going to move to Knoxville or Lexington,’ and, ‘I don’t want to live here.’ I think the only reason I thought that was because I was told that. I don’t remember ever thinking for myself, ‘There is nothing to do here.’ But I just remember being told, ‘There is nothing to do here.’ And so, I had every intention I was going to leave, and I was going to go to college, and I was going to live in a larger city, because that was what I was supposed to do. And now that I’m back here, I think, you know, ‘Where, where did they come up with that at?’ You know, where, why is that the mindset? 

I get really angry and aggravated when people say, ‘There’s nothing to do. There’s nothing for kids to do here.’ We have God’s playground here. There are mountains and streams, and hiking trails, and plenty of places to bike and explore. When I went away to college, and I was living in Central Kentucky, I can’t even explain the feeling that I had. My husband, who was my boyfriend at the time, was not from here. He was from Cave City, Kentucky, South Central Kentucky, and I remember thinking that I had to get home. I had to get home to the mountains, at least once a month, because there was this anxiety that built up in me because there were no mountains around. Without the mountains, I felt more vulnerable and alone, and it was just a really strange feeling. I would have to come home and just kind of get a mountain fix, and then I’d be okay for a while, and I could go back to my classes, and go on.

I went to college at Centre College, in Danville, Kentucky. (When she first sees mountains after being gone.) Relief. I’d feel relief. I know this sounds corny and cliché, but it was like a hug, there’s mountains all around, just comforting, and kind of cradling me. 

I will tell you my favorite thing about Appalachia, and this is really kind of bizarre; funeral processions, when people will pull over. It’s a respect, and a community love that you just can’t find anywhere else. When someone dies in Harlan County or Eastern Kentucky, you don’t have to know that person, but if you’re driving down the road, and if there’s a funeral procession coming by, you pull off the road. You just pull off the road out of respect until the procession is over. When I’m somewhere else and there’s a funeral procession, and people are buzzing by, that’s so unnatural for me, just to not show that kind of respect to someone.

[Appalachian people] have characteristics and traits you won’t find anywhere else. It’s a love and a respect, and a sense of community, and a sense of family, that everyone here, even if you don’t know that person --- you’re still somehow connected to them. You have this magical connection to other people in Appalachia.

I am a hillbilly. I’m just a mountain person. I have mountain beliefs and values, and you know, it’s not to me the stereotypical toothless in a straw hat. It’s something to be proud of. I’m proud to be a hillbilly, and I’m proud that I have values and beliefs and a love of family, a love of God, and a love for each other. And that’s what it means to me to be a hillbilly.

I’ll tell you the first real experience I had when I left Harlan County, and I went to college. I had a government professor [and] the very first day of class, he started talking about Eastern Kentucky and Harlan County, and saying that it was the third world of the United States. He said there are tour buses that take people to Harlan County to look at the poverty. I don’t know if he had never had a student from Harlan County, or what. I was absolutely floored, and my little hand went straight up and I said, ‘Excuse me! I live in Harlan County, and I don’t recall ever seeing tour buses with people coming in to view the poverty.’ That was my first experience of how other people viewed us, and how heartbreaking, when you come from a family that you love, and a community that you love, to go somewhere else, and just know that people have this really terrible view of you. I have a Master’s Degree. My husband has a Master’s Degree. He’s a Librarian. You know, we’re educated. We have plumbing, and windows, and floors in our homes, and for people to generalize to an entire community, and discount them as a whole because they view them as uneducated and impoverished, is really disheartening. 

In a lot of ways, we have a lot of advantages over people in bigger cities. I have so many friends who have moved off, and they live in a neighborhood and they don’t know their neighbors, and they have no friends. People retire and they move back here, just because they’ve missed that. We really have beauty here that is unmatched. You can go up on mountains in the fall, and see colors like you’ve never seen before, and it’s absolutely just remarkable, the beauty of our area. 

What drives me crazy, is when the media comes in, and they don’t do an equal representation of what’s going on in Appalachia. A few years ago, Diane Sawyer came in and did this really dirty expose’ of Eastern Kentucky, and there was no positivity to it at all. The people that she interviewed, it was like she went out and looked for these people. I’m not saying that these folks don’t exist. There are toothless people in Appalachia, and there are toothless people everywhere, and you can find them if you look for them. But, we have neighborhoods with million dollar homes in them. We have a lot of wealth here, and we have a lot of intelligence here, and that is underrepresented in the media. If I had control of a major news network, I would go into the neighborhoods and show these homes, and interview the doctors, and the attorneys, and the professionals in Appalachia, and try to do an equal representation across the board. 

One of the best memories, we lived right in town. I ironically lived in the same house that I live in now, the same house that I grew up in, and the same house that my father was literally born in. It’s been in our family, since 1921. It is very close to Main Street, and my Granny lived across the yard. I could go to her house, and I’d watch the parades, and we could hear when a parade was going through town. Cumberland used to be a real bustling town, and we had several parades a year. I remember looking out the window at my Granny’s house, and I called them the Dumadings [the marching bands]. I remember watching the Dumadings go down the road and I ran to the window, and I said, ‘I wish those damn Dumadings would shut up!’ My Grandmother took me in her bathroom, and stuck a bar of soap in my mouth. 

When I was growing up, my Grandmother bought me chickens for Easter, and we had a little outbuilding [for] these chickens [because] we lived in town. We raised them in the outbuilding. I named them, and I went outside every day to feed them. Being a townie, I guess I never made the correlation of where my food came from. One day I went outside to feed my chickens, and they were gone. I looked in the window, and there’s my little, frail, tiny Grandma, holding onto a chicken, wringing its neck. We had chicken that night for supper. I went about six years, without eating chicken after that. 

[Granny] was Old Regular Baptist, and if you’re not familiar with [it], it’s truly a huge part of Appalachia, and my growing up. They start services about 10:00 in the morning, and they go till about 2:00 in the evening, and they have seven or eight preachers, and they’re not boring. It’s hellfire and brimstone, and they’re full of energy, they have handkerchiefs just to wipe the sweat off. They have to tag team the preaching, it’s so intense. I’d go to church with her [grandmother], and they’d have foot washings, and everybody would just wash each other’s feet, and I think that’s really indicative of Appalachia, because that’s what you do for each other. You’re not afraid to get down, and help each other at whatever level. Then, there would be dinner on the ground. It was all these Appalachian cooks, [bringing] all these wonderful dishes, and we would eat, feast, and fellowship with each other. I remember being at my Granny’s, and she would sing these Old Regular Baptist songs, and one of her favorites was ‘Oh, Wayfaring Stranger.’ I remember being a little bit traumatized, because she’d be crying, and singing, and talking about she couldn’t wait to get to heaven. I just thought, ‘don’t go tonight. I’m spending the night with you. I don’t want you to go to heaven tonight!’ (Laughs)

[My parents] were artists, and they didn’t really start that until later in life. My Mom had a paint by number set, and she wanted to paint. She started doing that, and then she loved painting. She was probably fifty before she started painting, but she loved it so much. She would paint anything and everything that was a flat surface. She painted saw blades, pieces of cardboard, and pieces of coal, slate, and just anything that had a flat surface.

My Dad did folk art. He would make things out of gourds, and trees, and anything that he could find up in the mountains, and he would put it together, make these creatures out of it, and it was just really neat. They started an organization in Cumberland called the Poor Fork Arts and Crafts Guild in the early 80s. It was to help Appalachian people promote their art. As a Sears repairman, my Dad saw the art that Appalachian people had made. [When] he went into these homes, and he would see corn shuck dolls, and paintings, and all this really cool Appalachian art. He wanted to help give them a venue for their art. After he retired, he formed Poor Fork Arts and Crafts Guild, and still have a store in Cumberland where local artisans and craftsmen can sell their goods. 

My parents were really promoted a love for each other. Dad, if he saw someone struggling, he would go to the store, and buy them a truckload of groceries, and give to them. We’d go camping, and our favorite campground was Elkmont, in the Smoky Mountains. We would go there at least once a year [to] camp. One of the main things my Dad taught me in life was, ‘You leave a place cleaner than you found it.’ My husband and I were actually talking about this. We went to the Smoky Mountains, and all these hikers have a slogan, ‘Leave no trace,’ but Mack Wilson’s slogan was even more than that, just leave it better than you found it. If there was trash there, even though you didn’t put it there, you pick it up, and you make it a beautiful place for the next person. He was really involved in cleanups in our area. I remember as a kid having to go with garbage bags and little trash picker-uppers and rubber gloves and pick up trash along the highway just because that’s what we did. We had pride in our community, and that was just the thing, that the Wilsons did. We took care of our community, and we took care of each other.

I’ve had a few [sad times like] losing my parents. As I said, they were older when they had me, and I grew up just knowing I wouldn’t have my parents around as long as other people had their parents. It was kind of morbid, but that was always in the back of my head. My Dad was diabetic, and my Mom had had breast cancer, so I was on a time clock with them. Losing them was hard. Also, my early twenties were really difficult because I had severe panic attacks and anxiety, and didn’t have a job for probably two or three years. I don’t have a lot of good memories about that time. 

Probably [my happiest time was] having my kids, just being a mom. I always knew that I wanted to have a family. Just being a mom, and trying to get them raised, and whenever someone tells me, that they’ve helped another kid, that they’re a good person, that they’re helping someone else out, then that makes me feel really proud, and I feel like I’m doing what I’m supposed to do what I was meant to do.

I have two daughters, two natural daughters, and one is fifteen, and one is thirteen, and then I have an adopted daughter, who is nineteen. They’re all great kids, but they’re all really different, and every day’s an adventure, just living with them, and following them in their activities. 

I get a real bird’s eye view of the economy, being the Director of the Boys and Girls Club. In the past ten years, I’ve seen it spike up, and then go back down. We’re having a really difficult year this year. We lost a grant that we’ve had, and we’re losing coal severance funds just because the coal is not there. We have more boys and girls, than we’ve ever had, feeding about seventy kids a day. We have kids there, because they’re struggling at home, and they’re having a hard time. They need food, and they need homework help, [and we] to try to supply these services to kids. 

I have been at the Boys and Girls Club for eleven years, and we serve the gamut. Our mission is to inspire, enable all young people, but especially those from disadvantaged circumstances to realize their full potential. There are a lot of social services in the community for disadvantaged folks, but there may be some stigma that goes along with that. We really try to counteract that, because we’re for all children. We believe that every single child has some kind of need, and whether they need a hot, evening meal or help with homework, or they need positive role models, or if they are interested in technology or computers, we try to individualize our services and help every single child in Harlan County by doing what we can do to serve them. 

We serve about two thousand different kids each year, and every day during our after school program, we have about seventy kids, age six to nineteen. They come in and they receive a hot meal, and they get help with their homework, and we do fun stuff. We want them to feel like they belong to a community, and have friends, and people who care about them. 

It’s a really difficult job at the Boys and Girls Club. You wind up loving so many kids, and wanting to help them, and it’s really hard when you’re trying to help kids, and then you send them home to these terrible situations, these terrible circumstances. And you’re wondering if what you’re trying to do, is making a difference. [Last winter], we had thirteen kids who lost a parent to a drug overdose. We were having about sixty-five, seventy kids a day, and so about twenty percent of the kids at our after school program lost a parent to a drug overdose. 

I’ve always thought we have such a beautiful area, and if we could just show that to other people. [Maybe] there’s ways to increase our tourism and bring people in. We have one of the most beautiful places on the planet, and we have really smart folks. When smart, young people leave Appalachia, it’s disheartening because we have a lot of talent here. We’ve coined it, ‘The Brain Drain.’ I have three daughters, they’re all very bright, and I don’t want them to feel like they have to leave here to make a living. If we could just find some industry; we are isolated, we don’t have great roads, but now with technology there are industries available where you don’t have to have that. If you have some broad band internet [and] some intellect, you can do a lot with the resources you have. 

I think I just want to pass on what my parents passed on to me. You take care of each other, and you take care of the earth that you’re on, and that’s the legacy that I want to leave, just the love, a love of art, and a love of nature, and a love for each other.”

Annie Zomaya

“We are the roots we will build the future on. Tomorrow’s ours, and to me that’s the most exciting thing.” 

Annie Zomaya, Age 20, Student, Eastern Kentucky University; Cumberland, Kentucky, Harlan County:

“I was actually born in Chicago, Illinois, and moved here when I was five years old because my mother wanted to get closer to her family that was here. She was born in Benham, Kentucky, and raised in Chicago. 

My father was an Iraqi immigrant. He came to the States in 1975, and met my mother in Chicago. He lives there [in Chicago] now.

[My mother’s] parents moved her family to Chicago to find work because my grandfather, coalmining was not the life that he wanted. He moved to Chicago to find work, and then moved here in ’99 after he retired. My mother decided that she wanted to be closer to her family here, so she came back, too. I’m not for sure [when my grandfather left here originally], I would say the early ’60s.

It’s just the culture [that brings people back here]. It’s this unspoken thing that everyone just feels. It’s like there’s a wavelength that everyone around here lives on. It’s maybe hard for an outsider to understand it. It’s hard to put into words. There’s something about the culture and the way of life here that is just really attractive, like a magnet.

It was a lot different, [Chicago when I was young]. I’ve visited my father over summers, [and] the way of life is just polar opposite. Here, you wave at strangers when you’re driving by. Up there, if you so much as make eye contact with a stranger, they immediately become defensive. It’s just a colder area, both talking about weather and not. Here, it’s more of a close-knit community. There’s just a sense of trust here.

[In Chicago for fun, I’d] go to parks, go to museums, the malls. I always loved going to the malls, because that’s something we don’t have here. If you want to go the mall here, you have to travel two hours out of the way. That was always my favorite part about it. And just seeing the diversity there, it is really beautiful. People from all over the world come there. You don’t see a whole lot of diversity here, but when you do see it, it’s like, ‘Oh my Gosh!’ You just light up inside.

As a kid here, it was more like, get down and dirty. Go outside, run around, roll around in the grass and play with the dog, and the neighborhood kids. It was more stay-at-home here, and in a city, it’s more go-out-and-do-something. Either way is fun, I guess. I enjoy both. But it’s completely, completely different.

My mother’s maiden name is Brown. My Papaw [was] Carlos Brown. Jr. The [Brown] twins, those are my aunts! They are my mother’s half-sisters. They have the same father. Their mother passed away when they were very young, and then he met my grandmother, which is my mother’s mother. He grew up here in Southeastern Kentucky and absolutely loved it. He grew up playing music. He was good friends with Hugh X. Lewis, the musician. He was my Papaw’s bluegrass music buddy. 

Hugh X. Lewis, I don’t know if he was more bluegrass or country, but one of those (laughs) – southern musicians. He’s known for the white hat. He’s definitely part of the Eastern Kentucky pride. I believe he is [in the Country Music Hall of Fame].

Like I said, [Papaw] loved it here, but he did not want to lead the coalminer life. He tried it and it just was not what he wanted. My Grandma grew up in Letcher County. She’s from Linefork. Her maiden name was Georgia Cornett, now she’s Georgia Brown. 

It’s funny, growing up I always thought I preferred the city life. I always thought I wanted to go back to that. About this time last year, I actually made the move to Chicago. I said, ‘I don’t want to be here anymore. I want to get out and have a real life.’ That was my way of thinking. I ended up coming back because college credits that I had earned here in my first year of college would not transfer, so I had to come back to finish school. 

It was in that time, since then to now, that I have gotten involved with Higher Ground and the It’s Good 2 Be Young In The Mountains Planning Committee. They’ve just completely changed my life. They’ve opened their hearts up to me, and made me see this region in a way that I’d never even thought about looking at it before. Now, I really love it here, and the culture here. But I can’t choose between the two, honestly. I guess I’m kind of a hybrid. Or I just don’t like decisions. When I’m here, I enjoy it, and when I’m with my Dad I enjoy that. I just try to live in the moment. There’s beauty to both sides of it, really.

Higher Ground is a community performance project. It’s like community theater. I think it’s been going on for about 10 years. I just joined their last performance, Higher Ground 5: Find a Way. I knew Robert Gipe from high school. He used to come to my high school. I took Drama there; he would come sometimes and help us out with things. I saw him one day on Southeast’s campus and just said, ‘Hey, are you doing anything with Higher Ground soon?’ And he was like, ‘Yeah, we’re actually starting a new production, so you should come and check it out.’ I joined it, and I just fell in love with the people. They just welcomed me in like family.

Robert Gipe is… aw man, who isn’t Robert Gipe? He is an author, he’s an actor, he lives here in Harlan, Kentucky. He’s just a firecracker. He is the catalyst behind Higher Ground. Higher Ground is completely original, it is written by people here. We take the stories of Eastern Kentucky people and weave them into a play. We do it in a way that is honest and respectful of the people here. We don’t want to [do it like] if an outsider came in and took stories and tried to turn it into something. It would not be the same. We are our own people telling our own story. We talk about issues that people face here. In the last production, Find a Way, we talked about a coalminer that lost his job and then immediately lost his son. Then his daughter had to come out to her parents that she was lesbian. We discuss real issues that people have faced here, and how they have overcome them.

A lot of times, people will come from outside of the region, and/or maybe not even make the trip, they just base it off of what they’ve seen in the media, their opinion of the people in the area. It seems to be particularly negative; you know, the barefoot and pregnant stereotype. That’s just not true. You see that here, but you see that everywhere. Really, if you look hard enough, you will see it in cities. Everyone has their problems. 

What this place has that I think the media doesn’t show enough of, is the art that is created here. The beautiful minds. People work hard here, and they explore, and they create things that are beautiful. It’s hard to see that in just one trip here or one documentary. If someone really wanted to know what life in Appalachia is like, they need to come and spend a week with a family that lives here, and let them make ‘em feel at home, make ‘em some soup beans and cornbread, and show ‘em the country way of life. It’s a beautiful life.

(Stereotypes) Maybe they don’t think we’re smart enough to understand it and realize that they’re putting us down. But we do. That’s what this group of people here today is all about, showing that it is good to be young in the mountains, and we’re more than stereotypes. One girl, when we were telling her about the conference, she was like, ‘Is it really good to be young here? You know, with all the stereotypes?’ We quoted her as saying, ‘I’m more than a stereotype.’ That is 100% true. We all are.

We’re calling it’s Good 2 Be Young In The Mountains [IG2BYITM] the conference that feels like a festival. Essentially, it was created by a group of young people in Appalachia that wanted to make their voices heard. We heard about all of these events and organizations that were talking about rural development and developing the Central Appalachian region, and we were like, ‘Well, let’s do that!’ As young people, let’s come together and share our ideas and our thoughts and our skills, and work together to move forward and create a brighter future. That’s what we’re doing here. We’re teaching people new things. We’re meeting new people. We’re challenging ourselves, we’re challenging others, challenging the community. My personal goal is, at the end of this event, to walk away with new skills and a renewed ambition to build a brighter future for Appalachia. 

We have people [in attendance] from West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, North Carolina… I believe there’s somebody from Oregon, which is not Appalachia, but whatever, join the party. We actually have some internationals: someone from Italy, someone from the Ukraine.

We’re the future. We are the roots we will build the future on. Tomorrow’s ours, and to me that’s the most exciting thing. What’s next? Who can answer that question, really? That’s what we’re going to do. We’re going to create that answer. Hopefully it’s a really, really good one (laughs).

Am I a hillbilly? Yeah, I guess I am. It means that I’m somebody that knows how to have a good time in the hills of Kentucky and I’m not afraid to say it.

Here [at Mom’s house], it’s like, soup beans and cornbread and all them country vittles. Then, I go to my father’s house and they have shawarma and tabouli and falafel. It’s completely different. I love falafel, it’s my favorite. My Grandma and my Dad’s sisters, they’re both the best cooks I know. If I have to be honest, my favorite is the Middle Eastern cuisine. I have a pretty diverse palate. Maybe it’s because I don’t get to eat it that often, when I do I’m like, ‘This is so good.’ 

[Where else will the voices of this conference be heard?] We’re trying to encourage people to get more involved in their communities. So, you know, going to town meetings. We’re doing a power mapping activity later on, over the course of the event, to find out where the power is in our region, and what we can do to contribute to that. I hope people take some of it into their personal lives, too, to just step out and do their small part in the community. For me personally, I’ll be going to Eastern Kentucky University. This time next week, actually, will be my first day there. I’ll [be] applying for an internship with an agency working to improve life in Eastern Kentucky. I definitely want to do more things like this in the future, and get involved in rural development, philanthropy, and things like that. Officially, I’m a Public Relations major, but I do want to go into the non-profit field. 

What’s the answer [to the future of Appalachia]? Diversify, for the economy. Definitely can’t put all your eggs in one basket. We saw that worked for a little while, worked for a long time, but it’s not working anymore. The thing is, there’s so much potential here and I don’t know why it hasn’t been utilized yet. We have smart people. We have hard working people. We have talented people. There are so many things that could take root here and take off and be something great. I don’t know why it hasn’t happened yet, but I’m really excited and confident that it will happen.

I think [the biggest roadblock] may be a fear of change in the people, especially the older generations. People have got to figure out what they fear more, stagnation or change. Right now, we’re pretty stagnant with the economy. We almost don’t have a choice. I understand that a lot of families were built on coal here, and that’s wonderful and I think that should be celebrated and remembered, but there’s more to us than just that. Like my friend Devyn Creech said, we’re more than a rock in the ground. We have so much more to offer than one thing. We really need to show the world what we’ve got.

When I leave this world, I want to leave behind more than bones. I want people to remember me as a person that had a hope inside of her, that was willing to make changes, and do what it took just to make the world a better place. That opened new doors for people to build their dreams here, without feeling like they had to leave. 

That is really unclear to me right now [if I’ll live the rest of my life in the mountains]. If I do or if I don’t, I will be totally cool with whatever happens because I’ve learned to stop fighting the present and accept where you are. Ever since I started doing that, all of these opportunities have been flooding into my life and it’s great. If I do remain here, I will do all that I can to help this place prosper. If I’m not here, I still want to see it prosper and I still want to do my part to help make that happen.”

Willie Whitt

“[Traditions passed down are] Believe in God, and do the right thing. Be fair to other people. Be honest. Don’t take nothin’ from nobody. Don’t steal nothin’. Just be yourself. Make someone proud of you.” 

Willie Whitt, Sawmill Maintenance Worker; Beckley, West Virginia; 

“I was born in Salinas, California. Dad was stationed in the Army, and that’s where I was born in the Army hospital. I was born in ‘55 and then he got out in ’56, and we moved back to his hometown in Pulaski, Virginia. My first three years in grade school, I was in Pulaski and then he took a job here in Beckley working for Vecellio & Grogan when they was building route 16 to Sophia. He drove a water truck on the road crew. 

[Growing up in the mountains] was great because of all kind of friends, clean air, wide open and just feel free. Sometimes, we’d just ride our bikes and go up in the mountains and ride our bikes down the hill. In the wintertime, we’d ride sleds. 

High school days was a little bit wild. That’s when I met my wife. I rode a motorcycle and wrecked that motorcycle. It was Halloween, I guess it was, I was laid up at the house there. I had a Mustang I wrecked. Her dad and my dad worked together, but I didn’t know her at that time. First time she saw me I was laying on the couch in my underwear. Halloween night and she was out Halloweenin’. My brother seen her up there around her dad’s truck and we didn’t know who it was, but said she was up there soapin’ her dad’s windows. My brother said, ‘You better quit that, I know Mr Lilly, the guy that owns that truck.’ She said, ‘I do too, it’s my dad.’ When I got well enough to go to school, this girl walked up to me said, ‘Hi, I’m Harry’s daughter,’ but I didn’t know who Harry was ‘cause I knew him as Mr. Lilly. So I had to find out who Harry was. That’s how we met. [Been married forty-one years.] 

When I got out of high school, I went to work for Beckley Manufacturing as a line machinist. I worked there till August 10th. We got married on August 10th, ‘74 and that’s when I quit there and went to work for Long-Air Dox over in Oak Hill. [After a varied career, I] went to work for Frasure, Trinity Coal is actually Frasure Creek, over on 61 over at Oak Hill, and got laid off a week before Christmas last year. I just got a job [a few] weeks ago working for my son at a saw mill. 

[My son’s saw mill] He just bought into it back in February and we’re still just learning about it. The business is not real good right now because it’s mine related. We can make mine timbers and cap wedges and crib locks. Right now, we’re mostly selling pallet boards for making pallets. It’s about the only thing going on right now. It’s a tough business. 

[My grandfather and father] were always in the construction business or farming. My grandpa on mom’s side was a conductor on the railroad for Norfolk and Southern.

Mom’s mother and dad they lived the longest. Dad’s dad died when he was only thirteen, so I never knew my grandpa Whitt. My granny Whitt, she had thirteen youngins; there was five boys and eight girls. I had aunts and uncles out the yazoo. I had kin people everywhere. Out of thirteen, the baby is the only one living right now. We have a Whitt family reunion the last weekend of July. [My wife’s] mother and dad was Lilly’s before they married. She’s a thoroughbred. 

I’ve done a lot of traveling. Actually, there’s nothing any more beautiful than West Virginia. Colorado’s pretty, but it’s not home. When you live here long enough, you grow roots. No place like home. [Coming back to the mountains] makes me feel like I’m back home. It gives you a feeling of security. There’s windstorms and everything but no hurricanes, no tornadoes. There’s a lot of snow, but it’s going to melt. 

[Outsiders] I don't think they really understand our way of living. It’s a simple life, and that’s the way I like it. The simpler, the better. I don’t like a lot of silly fancy stuff. The simple life gives you the freedom of doing what you want to do, when you want to do it. If you want to go biking or fishing or hunting or whitewater rafting; West Virginia gives all kinds of opportunities. City folks don’t have that many opportunities. 

I ride four-wheelers, I got a jet-ski, I go water-skiing. I can fish, I can hunt. How many people do you know live in the city that actually own a four-wheeler that can go out and ride it? Because it’s against the law! It’s not against the law here to ride a four-wheeler. [They gotta put them up on a trailer] and haul them to the mountains to where they can ride them. You can ride them anywhere. My son-in-law, he works down there at the Burning Rock Four-wheeler Park, and we have Hatfield McCoy trails. There’s more everywhere. Just like out here on Ellison Ridge there’s trails everywhere. You could ride all day and run out a whole tank of gas and never be at the same spot. 

[Hillbilly means] I live here in the hills. I guess billy means you’re a goat. I just want to live here. Walk in my shoes for a week and see how you like it [outsiders]. I know we could probably change their mind. How much fun do you have living in the city looking at a TV or at a computer? I’m not computer savy; I don’t even hardly know how to turn one on. [But I can] get on a four-wheeler or a motorcycle or take a boat and do whatever I want to do.

[Traditions passed down are] Believe in God, and do the right thing. Be fair to other people. Be honest. Don’t take nothin’ from nobody. Don’t steal nothin’. Just be yourself. Make someone proud of you.

[The mines] are way down. It’ll never come back like it was. They can’t do without coal. You have to have coal to make coke to make steel. There’s no other way around it. So I mean coal’s not dead. The way the EPA regulations are, that’s what I can’t understand. Why enforce regulations here in the United States and then ship our coal overseas and burn it? We’re all breathing the same air. I don’t think it's fair that Americans, the working class in the coal fields, have to do with the EPA when they can send it over there and they don’t have no laws. They talk about the ozone layer and I say it’s all the same earth. It needs to be an international thing. You gonna do EPA, do an international EPA.

[The economy] Everything is too politically correct. It needs to be run like a business. You can’t import everything. When the Second World War was, everybody had a job. We don’t need to take care of everyone across the pond till we take care of ourself. Our politicians have sold us out. West Virginia has potential for tourism because of all the attractions, but West Virginia is not known for tourism. They’re known for coal and it’s always been coal. It’s a coal state. I don’t have an answer for [the economy].

[One of the happiest times] Probably when my grandkids comes over. [I’ve got] six. We’ve got this inflatable that we blow up out there in the yard they have a big time off of. Sometimes, we go four-wheelin’. All my grandkids range from one year to fifteen years. We have to do different things to accommodate for the different ages; to make everybody happy. 

[Saddest times] was probably when my dad died. He died in ‘06 so that made me fifty-one. He meant a lot; he was my icon. When we lived in Pulaski dad always raised rabbit beagles, and he liked to rabbit hunt. ‘Ole Sadie, a sow beagle, she had some pups there, but he took Sadie out hunting one day and Sadie was runnin’ this rabbit toward dad there, and dad was gonna shoot it, and the old rabbit run right between dad’s legs. He still missed it.

[Dad] didn’t actually teach me all I knew, but he taught me the fundamentals of life; [to] trust in God, to do the right thing, treat your neighbor like you’d like to be treated. He’s got all the general knowledge. That’s what I respect him for.”

Jackie Lee Lilly II

“Just be yourself. Go chase what you desire. Do what you want to do. It’s only one life, that’s all we got.” 

Jackie Lee Lilly II, Disabled; Elliston, Virginia: 

“I was born in Beckley [West Virginia]. Mom and dad lived there about a year and a half [after I was born]. First place they moved to was Savannah, Georgia. Stayed there six months and then come back to West Virginia. Then, dad got a job with his brother down there at the truck stop in Elliston, Virginia and that’s where the car broke down and that was it. That’s where we stayed. 

Dad didn’t want to be in the mines. I guess cause he seen so much death and so much struggle over the years in the mines. He didn’t mind the sawmill, but you know sawmills come and go. 

Grandpa, at one time, had about 500 acres on Flat Top. And right before you come in here at the top of the hill, that was his farm on the left hand side. That big old rock root cellar, and that’s where they kept all their food during the wintertime. He’d plant potatoes and corn, had sugarcane, make molasses and kill hogs in the fall. Had a lot of sheep, lot of chickens. Always food there.

[At grandparents’] Breakfast was fantastic, supper was always fantastic. [For breakfast] You could hear them down there cooking, and it was before daylight. You’d smell the bacon and the eggs frying and the biscuits. There’d be a hole in the floor for the vent for the heat to rise up into the upstairs. He’d [grandfather] get up underneath them vents, and he’d holler up ‘Catheads a’comin’!’ And we’d run down there and eat. [He’d cook] Tenderloin, bacon, sausage, eggs, gravy, biscuits galore, tomatoes… it was just non-stop. [Supper was] Lots of green beans, brown beans, cornbread quite often, and pretty much there would always be some kind of a meat, ham or something of that nature. They liked fat back bacon, but I didn’t care for it. It was too salty for me. 

[Summers were] Hot! You get up at the crack of dawn and that’s when you ate. You didn’t know when lunch was coming around, so I’d stuff my pockets completely full of biscuits and I’d take off with my two uncles or my dad and we’d head off out to the fields. It would be night time when you come back home, and that’s when you ate supper. If you got a bath you were lucky! 

[On traditions passed down by family] A good work ethic. By the time I was 20 years old I was a workaholic. It actually started back before then. I’d work two jobs to get a little ahead of life. He’d work the farm [his grandpa] and he was a coal miner, so I knew that you could do it. Grandpa always had pretty good health. He got lung [problems] in the end, but he stayed very healthy. He was about 77 whenever he died [from] an aneurism or a tumor up there on the side of his head, and it killed him. 

We were pretty poor when we first started out down in Virginia. Living in a little old small trailer, two bedrooms, my sister and me shared a room. We always were fed, that’s the Lilly tradition. You do anything to keep food in the house no matter what had to go away. I can remember dad not being able to pay insurance on his car and he’d jack it up, put it up on blocks with the wheels off so that the insurance company could take a picture showing that the car wasn’t being used, so he could get by without having to pay insurance ‘cause there just wasn’t money coming in. It was just rough back then raising children. And then my second sister was born, and mom finally when to work for Graham White Manufacturing. Dad he spent about 24 years in the meat factories at Green Hill in Elliston. He’d work sometimes in the stores and garages, these little stores would have garages on the side and they’d change tires and stuff. 

I worked eight years in the meat factory first, right outta high school I was peeling logs for Shawnee Log Homes. After that, I went to work for Green Hill, spent three years there and then I went to Valleydale in Salem, Virginia. I spent five years there, so I had a total of eight years in on it. Then, I went to work driving a truck and hauling supplies to convenience stores. Got married when I was in the meat factory, went through a divorce and then remarried again when I was out on the truck. After that, I decided to get some more money coming in. We went down to see my ex-wife’s mother and dad, well, she wasn’t my ex then but she is now, but we found a Slush Puppy machine down there and I had been servicing them up here. The guy offered me $5,000 to make it up here for a year, plus the insurance. Well, I sold my home in Elliston, went down there and lived for three years [in Columbia, South Carolina]. Went through a divorce, got remarried while I was down there a third time and moved back to Virginia. That’s where I been ever since. 

I owned a floor care company [and] I started cleaning floors. Got a contract on them, and just kept building and kept building. I’ve got 20 years in of floor care under Heavenly Floor Care Cleaning Service. 

[On what makes Appalachians different] Pride… It’s family… a lot of what you see nowadays, people can’t communicate in their family. It’s just all nothing but hollering and screaming and stuff. And when you have nothing and the whole family works together, you get united. It brings you closer together when you have to struggle together. Nowadays, nobody has to work hard like that anymore. And people just don’t appreciate the hard work. 

[On toughest struggles in his life] This disability I’m on. I was in a car crash five years ago and lost my home, my business and all of it. Lost everything. Just this past March, I lost my granddaughter in a train crash. A train hit my son’s car. He went across the tracks and got hit right in the side. It’s fortunate that it didn’t kill all of them. The car went airborne and everything. Then I lost my little girl. [She was] three and a half. 

When I married my wife…my third wife, Wendy Lilly, that’s the happiest time of my whole entire life. She is the best thing for me there ever was. Third time’s a charm! She’s my world. We got two of our grandchildren that we’re raising ‘cause of the crash. 

[The media] look at us [like] we’re backwards, but we’re not. The closer you get to God, the more you are on the straight and narrow. And the more you get away from God… well just look at Washington D.C. and what kind of a mess it’s in. Everything out there’s in a mess. Schools are in a mess; killings are going on. When I was in school, you didn’t hear about people going in there with the guns and shooting up the kids. That just wasn’t there. 

I think [Appalachia] makes the people tighter and friendlier. I’m not saying all of ‘em, there are thieves out here and drug addicts, but the biggest majority of people in the Appalachian mountain area are good people. They are family people. They struggle from one day to the next, and some of the things are just not right, the way they’re treated by the government. 

I love antique cars, trucks especially. I’ve got a ’53 GMC, a ’63 LeMans, an ’88 Formula Fiero, and I’ve got an old ’47 model International. That’s my oldies right there. [Love from cars came from] my Grandpa Lester on my mother’s side of the family. Grandpa was a foreign car specialist. He was always in the garage tinkering and I would just go in there and be with him. I loved being with my grandparents. I spent my summers up here, so I had two [sets of] grandparents I had to go back and forth from one house to the other house. 

It [the garage] was an old barn, and he just blocked it up one day to keep it from falling over and that was his garage. It had an old dirt floor for the longest time, and [he] finally got to pour concrete and put in some concrete cinderblock walls. It was a pretty special place to me. It was a relaxing place. You could go in there, you could sit down and you could talk. Things were just straight on, you know? You learn things from the older generation and that’s what’s brought on a lot of problems nowadays. We’re losing our information that we had back in the years. People have quit looking at history. For some reason, English and math seem to be more important than history.

He [grandpa] loved Volkswagen’s and old Sunbeam Tigers. He liked a small car with a fast engine in it. He loved doing bodywork on them. It was one of his passions, and I just fell right in with it. My very first car was a 1960 Dynamic 88 Oldsmobile, and from there on it’s been oldies! 
Couple of my old cars was held together with coat hangers! I drive an old ’83 school bus and it’s got my tools right inside. That’s what I drive around. My dad let me borrow his truck to get up here, that old school bus eats up so much gas I can’t get up here. I hate to throw things away that’s good. You know what I’m saying? And I think that’s also a trait of the hillbilly. They know they can use that part and that part’s not a piece of junk. It’s not something that’s useless. Them boys of mine, they can’t understand how I can look at nuts and bolts and tell them exactly what size wrench to use. ‘How do you know that?’ and I’d say ‘well it’s just years using it, guys, just doing it. Get out there and just do it!’

[‘Hillbilly’ means] just a way of life. It doesn’t mean anything bad as far as, you know, some people think you’re a hillbilly and that you’re backwards and that you’re dumb and you don’t know what you’re doing. To me, being a hillbilly is a pride that you just inherit by knowing what’s right and what’s wrong in life, and knowing how to get through life. Hillbillies are not stupid. Some of the smartest people come out of these coalmines. I mean, look it up. It’s a known fact that a lot of intelligent people come from this area. I don’t want to brag… that’s the hardest part for me! I try to stay meeker! That’s what the good Lord wants us to be, you know? 

I’m trying to pass on [to my children] to be healthy-minded and take care of your body, cause it’s the only one God give you. Be proud of what you do, be proud of what you are. Don’t try to be something you’re not. Be yourself, plain and simple. If you can’t fix a car, don’t worry about it. There’s something out there you’re fantastic at. You might be able to operate on a human, and I couldn’t do that if I wanted to. That might be in your capabilities. Just be yourself. Go chase what you desire. Do what you want to do. It’s only one life, that’s all we got.”